Ulucak Höyük (Level IV)
Basic information
Sample name: Ulucak Höyük (Level IV)
Reference: C. Cakirlar. 2012. The evolution of animal husbandry in Neolithic central-west Anatolia: the zooarchaeological record from Ulucak Höyük (c. 7040-5660 cal. BC, Izmir, Turkey). Anatolian Studies 62:1-33 [ER 3762]
Geography
Country: Turkey
State: İzmir
Coordinate: 38° 28' 0" N, 27° 21' 7" E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3762
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00799
Min Ma: 0.00761
Age basis: radiocarbon (calibrated)
Geography comments: "Ulucak Höyük is situated 9 km east of the İzmir Bay on the western end of the Kemalpaşa Plain, 221 m asl near the Belkahve Pass, in western Anatolia, Turkey".
Radiocarbon dates place Level IV to c. 6040-5660 cal. BC (at the two sigma range).
Radiocarbon dates place Level IV to c. 6040-5660 cal. BC (at the two sigma range).
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,settlement
Archaeology: bone tools,buildings,ceramics,hearths,stone tools,other artifacts,other structures
Habitat comments: "The Neolithic mound of Ulucak Höyük covers a surface area of three hectares and consists of a long, seemingly uninterrupted occupational sequence".
"The latest Neolithic occupational level (IV) is characterized by mud-brick houses set on stone foundations laid out around an open area. Although the houses are generally single-spaced, there are partitions in some buildings, and some also have courtyards. Many objects were found inside the houses, including ovens, hearths, platforms, grain storage areas, pottery, stone tools, bench weights, and grinding tools. Other objects such as figurines and anthropomorphic vessels were also found".
"The latest Neolithic occupational level (IV) is characterized by mud-brick houses set on stone foundations laid out around an open area. Although the houses are generally single-spaced, there are partitions in some buildings, and some also have courtyards. Many objects were found inside the houses, including ovens, hearths, platforms, grain storage areas, pottery, stone tools, bench weights, and grinding tools. Other objects such as figurines and anthropomorphic vessels were also found".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,turtles,fishes
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 1283 specimens
Years: 1995 -
Sampling comments: "Systematic excavations in the mound started in 1995. The majority of Ulucak’s faunal assemblage has been recovered through hand-collecting techniques. A considerable portion of the archaeological deposits has been wet sieved since 2009, although analysis of the sieved material is ongoing". The counts below pertain to the hand collected specimens only.
Metadata
Sample number: 4024
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-10-20 14:00:46
Modified: 2023-05-30 02:26:06
Abundance distribution
16 species
1 singleton
total count 1283
geometric series index: 19.4
Fisher's α: 2.575
geometric series k: 0.6758
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8113
Shannon's H: 1.9078
Good's u: 0.9992
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Bos taurus | 335 | 337 kg |
also 3 Bos sp. "cattle/aurochs" | ||
Ovis aries | 143 | 41 kg |
also 1142 Caprinae indet. | ||
Capra aegagrus hircus | 72 | 22 kg browser-grazer |
includes 10 wild goat | ||
Sus scrofa domesticus | 357 | 54 kg herbivore |
includes 19 wild boar | ||
Canis lupus familiaris | 18 | 43 kg carnivore |
Dama dama | 150 | 62 kg |
Cervus elaphus | 6 | 142 kg browser-grazer |
also 33 Cervini indet. "fallow/red deer" | ||
Capreolus capreolus | 10 | 22 kg browser |
Vulpes vulpes | 15 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
also 13 Caninae indet. "dog/red fox" | ||
Martes foina | 2 | 1.3 kg carnivore-frugivore |
Meles meles | 3 | 10 kg invertivore-herbivore |
Lepus europaeus | 147 | 3.4 kg herbivore |
Rodentia indet. | 3 | |
Testudinidae indet. | 15 | |
most likely Testudo graeca | ||
Aves indet. | 6 | |
Sparus aurata | 1 |